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Using HyperCard, Teachers created interactive lessons, artists built multimedia experiences, and businesses developed custom database applications—all without writing traditional code. The hypermedia environment also had a huge impact on gaming: 1993 first-person adventure hit Myst originally used HyperCard as its game engine.
An example of graphical dithering, which allows 1-bit color (black and white only) to imitate grayscale.
Credit:
Benj Edwards / Apple
For the two-color Macintosh (which could only display black or white pixels, with no gradient in between), Atkinson developed an innovative high-contrast dithering algorithm that created the illusion of grayscale images with a characteristic stippled appearance that became synonymous with early Mac graphics. The dithered aesthetic remains popular today among some digital artists and indie game makers, with modern tools like this web converter that allows anyone to transform photos into the classic Atkinson dither style.
Life after Apple
After leaving Apple in 1990, Atkinson co-founded General Magic with Marc Porat and Andy Hertzfeld, attempting to create personal communicators before smartphones existed. Wikipedia notes that in 2007, he joined Numenta, an AI startup, declaring their work on machine intelligence “more fundamentally important to society than the personal computer and the rise of the Internet.”
In his later years, Atkinson pursued nature photography with the same artistry he’d brought to programming. His 2004 book “Within the Stone” featured close-up images of polished rocks that revealed hidden worlds of color and pattern.
Atkinson announced his pancreatic cancer diagnosis in November 2024, writing on Facebook that he had “already led an amazing and wonderful life.” The same disease claimed his friend and collaborator Steve Jobs in 2011.
Given Atkinson’s deep contributions to Apple history, it’s not surprising that Jobs’ successor, Apple CEO Tim Cook, paid tribute to the Mac’s original graphics guru on X on Saturday. “We are deeply saddened by the passing of Bill Atkinson,” Cook wrote. “He was a true visionary whose creativity, heart, and groundbreaking work on the Mac will forever inspire us.”
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