Brazilian fossils reveal homoplasy in the oldest mammalian jaw joint – Nature

    0
    Brazilian fossils reveal homoplasy in the oldest mammalian jaw joint – Nature


  • Luo, Z.-X. & Manley, G. A. in The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference Vol. 2 (eds Fritzsch, B. & Grothe, B.) 207–252 (Elsevier Academic, 2020).

  • Crompton, A. in Studies in Vertebrate Evolution (eds Joysey, K. A. & Kemp, T. S.) 231–251 (Oliver and Boyd, 1972).

  • Allin, E. F. Evolution of the mammalian middle ear. J. Morphol. 147, 403–437 (1975).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Allin, E. F. & Hopson, J. A. in The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing (eds Webster, D. B. et al.) 587–614 (Springer, 1992).

  • Luo, Z.-X. Developmental patterns in Mesozoic evolution of mammal ears. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 42, 355–380 (2011).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bonaparte, J. F., Martinelli, A. G., Schultz, C. L. & Rubert, R. The sister group of mammals: small cynodonts from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil. Rev. Bras. Paleontol. 8, 25–46 (2003).

  • Bonaparte, J. F., Martinelli, A. G. & Schultz, C. L. New information on Brasilodon and Brasilitherium (Cynodontia, Probainognathia) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil. Rev. Bras. Paleontol. 8, 25–46 (2005).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bonaparte, J. F. Evolution of the Brasilodontidae (Cynodontia-Eucynodontia). Hist. Biol. 25, 643–653 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Soares, M. B., Schultz, C. L. & Horn, B. L. New information on Riograndia guaibensis Bonaparte, Ferigolo & Ribeiro, 2001 (Eucynodontia, Tritheledontidae) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil: anatomical and biostratigraphic implications. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 83, 329–354 (2011).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Clemmensen, L. B. et al. The vertebrate-bearing Late Triassic Fleming Fjord Formation of central East Greenland revisited: stratigraphy, palaeoclimate and new palaeontological data. Geol. Soc. Lond. 434, 31–47 (2016).

  • Whiteside, D. I., Duffin, C. J., Gill, P. G., Marshall, J. E. & Benton, M. J. The Late Triassic and Early Jurassic fissure faunas from Bristol and South Wales: stratigraphy and setting. Palaeontol. Pol. 67, 257–287 (2016).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Schultz, C. L. et al. Triassic faunal successions of the Paraná Basin, southern Brazil. J. South Am. Earth Sci. 104, 102846 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rowe, T. in Mammal Phylogeny (eds Szalay, F. S. et al.) 129–145 (Springer, 1993).

  • Kemp, T. The origin of higher taxa: macroevolutionary processes, and the case of the mammals. Acta Zool. 88, 3–22 (2007).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kemp, T. The endocranial cavity of a nonmammalian eucynodont, Chiniquodon theotonicus, and its implications for the origin of the mammalian brain. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 29, 1188–1198 (2009).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kielan-Jaworowska, Z., Cifelli, R. L. & Luo, Z.-X. Mammals From the Age of Dinosaurs: Origins, Evolution, and Structure (Columbia Univ. Press, 2005).

  • Newham, E., Gill, P. G. & Corfe, I. J. New tools suggest a middle Jurassic origin for mammalian endothermy: advances in state‐of‐the‐art techniques uncover new insights on the evolutionary patterns of mammalian endothermy through time. BioEssays 44, 2100060 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hellert, S. M., Grossnickle, D. M., Lloyd, G. T., Kammerer, C. F. & Angielczyk, K. D. Derived faunivores are the forerunners of major synapsid radiations. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 7, 1903–1913 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rowe, T. Definition, diagnosis, and origin of Mammalia. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 8, 241–264 (1988).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Luo, Z.-X., Schultz, J. A. & Ekdale, E. G. in Evolution of the Vertebrate Ear (eds Clack, J. A. et al.) 139–174 (Springer, 2016).

  • Harper, T. & Rougier, G. W. Petrosal morphology and cochlear function in Mesozoic stem therians. PLoS ONE 14, e0209457 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wang, J. et al. A monotreme-like auditory apparatus in a Middle Jurassic haramiyidan. Nature 590, 279–283 (2021).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ji, Q., Luo, Z.-X., Zhang, X., Yuan, C.-X. & Xu, L. Evolutionary development of the middle ear in Mesozoic therian mammals. Science 326, 278–281 (2009).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Anthwal, N., Urban, D. J., Luo, Z.-X., Sears, K. E. & Tucker, A. S. Meckel’s cartilage breakdown offers clues to mammalian middle ear evolution. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 1, 0093 (2017).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Meng, J., Bi, S., Zheng, X. & Wang, X. Ear ossicle morphology of the Jurassic euharamiyidan Arboroharamiya and evolution of mammalian middle ear. J. Morphol. 279, 441–457 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Luo, Z.-X. Transformation and diversification in early mammal evolution. Nature 450, 1011–1019 (2007).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Crompton, A. W. & Luo, Z.-X. in Mammal Phylogeny (eds Szalay, F. S. et al.) 30–44 (Springer, 1993).

  • Kermack, K., Mussett, F. & Rigney, H. The lower jaw of Morganucodon. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 53, 87–175 (1973).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Luo, Z.-X., Bhullar, B.-A. S., Crompton, A. W., Neander, A. I. & Rowe, T. B. Reexamination of the mandibular and dental morphology of the Early Jurassic mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 67, 95–113 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bramble, D. M. Origin of the mammalian feeding complex: models and mechanisms. Paleobiology 4, 271–301 (1978).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lautenschlager, S., Gill, P., Luo, Z. X., Fagan, M. J. & Rayfield, E. J. Morphological evolution of the mammalian jaw adductor complex. Biol. Rev. 92, 1910–1940 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lautenschlager, S., Gill, P. G., Luo, Z.-X., Fagan, M. J. & Rayfield, E. J. The role of miniaturization in the evolution of the mammalian jaw and middle ear. Nature 561, 533–537 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Soares, M. B., Martinelli, A. G. & Oliveira, T. V. A new prozostrodontian cynodont (Therapsida) from the Late Triassic Riograndia Assemblage Zone (Santa Maria Supersequence) of Southern Brazil. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 86, 1673–1691 (2014).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Martinelli, A. G., Soares, M. B. & Schwanke, C. Two new cynodonts (Therapsida) from the Middle-Early Late Triassic of Brazil and comments on South American probainognathians. PLoS ONE 11, e0162945 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Martinelli, A. G., Eltink, E., Da‐Rosa, Á. A. & Langer, M. C. A new cynodont from the Santa Maria Formation, south Brazil, improves Late Triassic probainognathian diversity. Pap. Palaeontol. 3, 401–423 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Abdala, F. Redescription of Platycraniellus elegans (Therapsida, Cynodontia) from the Lower Triassic of South Africa, and the cladistic relationships of eutheriodonts. Palaeontology 50, 591–618 (2007).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Martinelli, A. G. & Rougier, G. W. On Chaliminia musteloides (Eucynodontia: Tritheledontidae) from the Late Triassic of Argentina, and a phylogeny of Ictidosauria. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 27, 442–460 (2007).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu, J. & Olsen, P. The phylogenetic relationships of Eucynodontia (Amniota: Synapsida). J. Mamm. Evol. 17, 151–176 (2010).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rodrigues, P. G., Ruf, I. & Schultz, C. L. Digital reconstruction of the otic region and inner ear of the non-mammalian cynodont Brasilitherium riograndensis (Late Triassic, Brazil) and its relevance to the evolution of the mammalian ear. J. Mamm. Evol. 20, 291–307 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Guignard, M. L., Martinelli, A. G. & Soares, M. B. Reassessment of the postcranial anatomy of Prozostrodon brasiliensis and implications for postural evolution of non-mammaliaform cynodonts. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 38, e1511570 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pacheco, C. P., Martinelli, A. G., Pavanatto, A. E., Soares, M. B. & Dias-da-Silva, S. Prozostrodon brasiliensis, a probainognathian cynodont from the Late Triassic of Brazil: second record and improvements on its dental anatomy. Hist. Biol. 30, 475–485 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wallace, R. V., Martínez, R. & Rowe, T. First record of a basal mammaliamorph from the early Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina. PLoS ONE 14, e0218791 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Benoit, J. et al. Synchrotron scanning sheds new light on Lumkuia fuzzi (Therapsida, Cynodontia) from the Middle Triassic of South Africa and its phylogenetic placement. J. Afr. Earth. Sci. 196, 104689 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Langer, M. C., Ramezani, J. & Da Rosa, Á. A. U-Pb age constraints on dinosaur rise from south Brazil. Gondwana Res. 57, 133–140 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kerber, L., Martinelli, A. G., Müller, R. T. & Pretto, F. A. A new specimen provides insights into the anatomy of Irajatherium hernandezi, a poorly known probainognathian cynodont from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil. Anat. Rec. 305, 3113–3132 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Crompton, A. & Parkyn, D. On the lower jaw of Diarthrognathus and the origin of the mammalian lower jaw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 140, 697–749 (1963).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Luo, Z.-X. & Crompton, A. W. Transformation of the quadrate (incus) through the transition from non-mammalian cynodonts to mammals. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 14, 341–374 (1994).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Crompton, A. in Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology (ed. Thomason, J. J.) 55–75 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995).

  • Sues, H.-D. Skull and dentition of two tritylodontid synapsids from the Lower Jurassic of western North America. Bull. Mus. Compar. Zool. Harv. Coll. 151, 217–268 (1986).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Kühne, W. G. The Liassic Therapsid Oligokyphus (Trustees of the British Museum, 1956).

  • Jenkins, F. Jr et al. Late Triassic continental vertebrates and depositional environments of the Fleming Fjord Formation, Jameson Land, East Greenland: Meddelelser om Grønland. Geoscience 32, 1–25 (1994).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Luo, Z.-X., Gatesy, S. M., Jenkins, F. A. Jr, Amaral, W. W. & Shubin, N. H. Mandibular and dental characteristics of Late Triassic mammaliaform Haramiyavia and their ramifications for basal mammal evolution. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, E7101–E7109 (2015).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Luo, Z.-X. & Wu, X. C. In In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods (eds Fraser, N. & Sues, H.-D.) 251–270 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994).

  • Debuysschere, M., Gheerbrant, E. & Allain, R. Earliest known European mammals: a review of the Morganucodonta from Saint-Nicolas-de-Port (Upper Triassic, France). J. Syst. Paleontol. 13, 825–855 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gow, C. Pachygenelus, Diarthrognathus and the double jaw articulation. Palaeontol. Afr. 24, 15 (1981).

    MathSciNet 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Crompton, A. The evolution of the mammalian jaw. Evolution 17, 431–439 (1963).

  • Hopson, J. A. & Barghusen, H. R. in The Ecology and Biology of Mammal-like Reptiles (eds Hotton, N. et al.) 83–106 (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1986).

  • Shubin, N. H., Crompton, A., Sues, H.-D. & Olsen, P. E. New fossil evidence on the sister-group of mammals and early Mesozoic faunal distributions. Science 251, 1063–1065 (1991).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Luo, Z.-X. in In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods (eds Fraser, N. & Sues, H.-D.) 98–128 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994).

  • Hopson, J. A. & Kitching, J. W. A probainognathian cynodont from South Africa and the phylogeny of nonmammalian cynodonts. Bull. Mus. Compar. Zool. 156, 5–35 (2001).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Ruta, M., Botha-Brink, J., Mitchell, S. A. & Benton, M. J. The radiation of cynodonts and the ground plan of mammalian morphological diversity. Proc. R. Soc. B 280, 20131865 (2013).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kemp, T. The relationships of mammals. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 77, 353–384 (1983).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wible, J. R. Origin of Mammalia: the craniodental evidence reexamined. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 11, 1–28 (1991).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wible, J. R. & Hopson, J. A. in Mammal Phylogeny (eds Szalay, F. S. et al.) 45–62 (Springer, 1993).

  • Martínez, R. N., May, C. L. & Forster, C. A. A new carnivorous cynodont from the Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic, Argentina), with comments on eucynodont phylogeny. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 16, 271–284 (1996).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kemp, T. S. The Origin and Evolution of Mammals. (Oxford Univ. Press, 2005).

  • Martinelli, A. G., Bonaparte, J. F., Schultz, C. L. & Rubert, R. A new tritheledontid (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Late Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and its phylogenetic relationships among carnivorous non-mammalian eucynodonts. Ameghiniana 42, 191–208 (2005).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Sidor, C. & Hancox, P. Elliotherium kersteni, a new tritheledontid from the lower Elliot Formation (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. J. Paleontol. 80, 333–342 (2006).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Oliveira, T. V., Martinelli, A. G. & Soares, M. B. New information about Irajatherium hernandezi Martinelli, Bonaparte, Schultz & Rubert 2005 (Eucynodontia, Tritheledontidae) from the Upper Triassic (Caturrita Formation, Paraná Basin) of Brazil. PalZ 1, 67–82 (2011).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Luo, Z.-X., Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. & Cifelli, R. L. In quest for a phylogeny of Mesozoic mammals. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 47, 1–78 (2002).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Melo, T. P., Ribeiro, A. M., Martinelli, A. G. & Soares, M. B. Early evidence of molariform hypsodonty in a Triassic stem-mammal. Nat. Commun. 10, 2841 (2019).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Romer, A. S. A chiniquodontid cynodont with an incipient squamosal-dentary jaw articulation. Breviora 344, 1–18 (1970).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Barghusen, H. R. & Hopson, J. A. Dentary-squamosal joint and the origin of mammals. Science 168, 573–575 (1970).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Crompton, A. & Hylander, W. in The Ecology and Biology of Mammal-like Reptiles (eds. Hotton, N. et al.) 83–106 (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1986).

  • Watson, D. The evolution of the mammalian ear. Evolution 7, 159–177 (1953).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Barghusen, H. R. The lower jaw of cynodonts (Reptilia, Therapsida) and the evolutionary origin of mammal-like adductor jaw musculature. Postilla 116, 1–56 (1968).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Abdala, F. & Damiani, R. Early development of the mammalian superficial masseter muscle in cynodonts. Palaeontol. Afr. 40, 23–29 (2004).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Reed, D., Iriarte‐Diaz, J. & Diekwisch, T. A three dimensional free body analysis describing variation in the musculoskeletal configuration of the cynodont lower jaw. Evol. Dev. 18, 41–53 (2016).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rowe, T. B., Macrini, T. E. & Luo, Z.-X. Fossil evidence on origin of the mammalian brain. Science 332, 955–957 (2011).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Grossnickle, D. M., Smith, S. M. & Wilson, G. P. Untangling the multiple ecological radiations of early mammals. Trends Ecol. Evol. 34, 936–949 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kaiuca, J. L. et al. Weighing in on miniaturization: new body mass estimates for Triassic eucynodonts and analyses of body size evolution during the cynodont-mammal transition. Anat. Rec. 307, 1594–1612 (2024).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Grossnickle, D. M., Weaver, L. N., Jäger, K. R. & Schultz, J. A. The evolution of anteriorly directed molar occlusion in mammals. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 194, 349–365 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Brink, A. S. Two cynodonts from the Ntawere Formation in the Luangwa valley of Northern Rhodesia. Palaeontol. Afr. 8, 77–96 (1963).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Hoffman, E. A. & Rowe, T. B. Jurassic stem-mammal perinates and the origin of mammalian reproduction and growth. Nature 561, 104–108 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gow, C. E. New find of Diarthrognathus (Therapsida: Cynodontia) after seventy years. Palaeontol. Afr. 31, 51–54 (1994).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Botha-Brink, J., Soares, M. B. & Martinelli, A. G. Osteohistology of Late Triassic prozostrodontian cynodonts from Brazil. PeerJ 6, e5029 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Martinelli, A. G. & Bonaparte, J. F. in Paleontología y Dinosaurios desde América Latina (eds Porfiri, J. D. & González Riga, B.) 179–186 (Editora de la Univ. de Cuyo, 2011).

  • Lautenschlager, S. Reconstructing the past: methods and techniques for the digital restoration of fossils. R. Soc. Open Sci. 3, 160342 (2016).

    Article 
    ADS 
    MathSciNet 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Goloboff, P. A. & Catalano, S. A. TNT version 1.5, including a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics. Cladistics 32, 221–238 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bapst, D. W. paleotree: an R package for paleontological and phylogenetic analyses of evolution. Methods Ecol. Evol. 3, 803–807 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Abdala, F. et al. Non-mammaliaform cynodonts from western Gondwana and the significance of Argentinean forms in enhancing understanding of the group. J. South Am. Earth Sci. 104, 102884 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ronquist, F. et al. MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Syst. Biol. 61, 539–542 (2012).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     



  • Source link