Imaging a terahertz superfluid plasmon in a two-dimensional superconductor – Nature

-


  • Shimano, R. & Tsuji, N. Higgs mode in superconductors. Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 11, 103–124 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tinkham, M. Introduction to Superconductivity (Dover Publications, 1996).

  • Bardeen, J., Cooper, L. N. & Schrieffer, J. R. Theory of superconductivity. Phys. Rev. 108, 1175–1204 (1957).

    Article 
    MathSciNet 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lee, P. A., Nagaosa, N. & Wen, X.-G. Doping a Mott insulator: physics of high-temperature superconductivity. Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 17–85 (2006).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Orenstein, J. & Millis, A. J. Advances in the physics of high-temperature superconductivity. Science 288, 468–474 (2000).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Basov, D. N. & Timusk, T. Electrodynamics of high-Tc superconductors. Rev. Mod. Phys. 77, 721–779 (2005).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tachiki, M., Koyama, T. & Takahashi, S. Electromagnetic phenomena related to a low-frequency plasma in cuprate superconductors. Phys. Rev. B 50, 7065–7084 (1994).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tamasaku, K., Nakamura, Y. & Uchida, S. Charge dynamics across the CuO2 planes in La2xSrxCuO4. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1455–1458 (1992).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kadowaki, K. et al. Longitudinal Josephson-plasma excitation in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ: direct observation of the Nambu-Goldstone mode in a superconductor. Phys. Rev. B 56, 5617–5621 (1997).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Corson, J., Orenstein, J., Oh, S., O’Donnell, J. & Eckstein, J. N. Nodal quasiparticle lifetime in the superconducting state of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2569–2572 (2000).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Higgs, P. W. Broken symmetries, massless particles and gauge fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 132–133 (1964).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nambu, Y. Energy gap, mass gap, and spontaneous symmetry breaking. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 25, 4141–4148 (2010).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pekker, D. & Varma, C. M. Amplitude/Higgs modes in condensed matter physics. Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 6, 269–297 (2015).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Volkov, A. F. & Kogan, S. M. Collisionless relaxation of the energy gap in superconductors. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 65, 2038–2046 (1973).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Matsunaga, R. et al. Higgs amplitude mode in the BCS superconductors Nb1xTixN induced by terahertz pulse excitation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 057002 (2013).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Katsumi, K. et al. Higgs mode in the d-wave superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x driven by an intense terahertz pulse. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 117001 (2018).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nambu, Y. Quasi-particles and gauge invariance in the theory of superconductivity. Phys. Rev. 117, 648–663 (1960).

    Article 
    MathSciNet 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Anderson, P. W. Plasmons, gauge invariance, and mass. Phys. Rev. 130, 439–442 (1963).

    Article 
    MathSciNet 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Higgs, P. W. Broken symmetries and the masses of gauge bosons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 508–509 (1964).

    Article 
    MathSciNet 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fertig, H. A. & Das Sarma, S. Collective modes in layered superconductors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1482–1485 (1990).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Economou, E. N. Surface plasmons in thin films. Phys. Rev. 182, 539–554 (1969).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sun, Z., Fogler, M. M., Basov, D. N. & Millis, A. J. Collective modes and terahertz near-field response of superconductors. Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 023413 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Richards, D., Zayats, A., Keilmann, F. & Hillenbrand, R. Near-field microscopy by elastic light scattering from a tip. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 362, 787–805 (2004).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chen, J. et al. Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons. Nature 487, 77–81 (2012).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fei, Z. et al. Gate-tuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano-imaging. Nature 487, 82–85 (2012).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Leitenstorfer, A. et al. The 2023 terahertz science and technology roadmap. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 56, 223001 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dunmore, F. J. et al. Observation of below-gap plasmon excitations in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 films. Phys. Rev. B 52, R731–R734 (1995).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Stiewe, F.-F. et al. Spintronic emitters for super-resolution in THz-spectral imaging. Appl. Phys. Lett. 120, 032406 (2022).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Handa, T. et al. Terahertz emission from giant optical rectification in a van der Waals material. Nat. Mater. 24, 1203–1208 (2025).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Blanchard, F. et al. Real-time terahertz near-field microscope. Opt. Express 19, 8277–8284 (2011).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chen, S.-C. et al. Ghost spintronic THz-emitter-array microscope. Light Sci. Appl. 9, 99 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yu, Y. et al. High-temperature superconductivity in monolayer Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Nature 575, 156–163 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mitra, S., Avazpour, L. & Knezevic, I. Terahertz conductivity of two-dimensional materials: a review. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 37, 133005 (2025).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Seifert, T. et al. Efficient metallic spintronic emitters of ultrabroadband terahertz radiation. Nat. Photonics 10, 483–488 (2016).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Born, M. & Wolf, E. Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999).

  • Michael, M. H. et al. Resolving self-cavity effects in two-dimensional quantum materials. Preprint at https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.12799 (2025).

  • Dressel, M. & Grüner, G. Electrodynamics of Solids: Optical Properties of Electrons in Matter (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002).

  • Kaindl, R. A., Carnahan, M. A., Chemla, D. S., Oh, S. & Eckstein, J. N. Dynamics of Cooper pair formation in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Phys. Rev. B 72, 060510 (2005).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Cocker, T. L. et al. Microscopic origin of the Drude-Smith model. Phys. Rev. B 96, 205439 (2017).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Molegraaf, H. J. A., Presura, C., van der Marel, D., Kes, P. H. & Li, M. Superconductivity-induced transfer of in-plane spectral weight in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Science 295, 2239–2241 (2002).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jacobs, T., Sridhar, S., Li, Q., Gu, G. D. & Koshizuka, N. In-plane and c-axis microwave penetration depth of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ crystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4516–4519 (1995).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Corson, J., Mallozzi, R., Orenstein, J., Eckstein, J. N. & Bozovic, I. Vanishing of phase coherence in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Nature 398, 221–223 (1999).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kosterlitz, J. M. & Thouless, D. J. Ordering, metastability and phase transitions in two-dimensional systems. J. Phys. C Solid State Phys. 6, 1181 (1973).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Minnhagen, P. The two-dimensional Coulomb gas, vortex unbinding, and superfluid-superconducting films. Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 1001–1066 (1987).

    Article 
    CAS 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lee, W. S. et al. Abrupt onset of a second energy gap at the superconducting transition of underdoped Bi2212. Nature 450, 81–84 (2007).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pearl, J. Current distribution in superconducting films carrying quantized fluxoids. Appl. Phys. Lett. 5, 65–66 (1964).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Brandt, E. H. Vortex-vortex interaction in thin superconducting films. Phys. Rev. B 79, 134526 (2009).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Banerjee, A. et al. Superfluid stiffness of twisted trilayer graphene superconductors. Nature 638, 93–98 (2025).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tanaka, M. et al. Superfluid stiffness of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene. Nature 638, 99–105 (2025).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     



  • Source link

    Latest news

    Ring Kills Flock Safety Deal After Super Bowl Ad Uproar

    The widespread protests in Iran have exposed both Tehran’s brutal tactics in the streets, where state authorities have...

    These Are the Best Alternatives to Google’s Android Operating System

    Want Google out of your life? It's pretty easy to find alternative search, email, and photo storage providers,...

    I Tried H&R Block’s DIY Tax Service. Here’s Who’ll Benefit From It

    Throughout, there's a Virtual Assistant chatbot if you need to ask questions or get help, which gives me...

    Gear News of the Week: Samsung Sets a Date for Galaxy Unpacked, and Fitbit’s AI Coach Comes to iOS

    Samsung will unveil its next flagship smartphone lineup on February 25 at its Galaxy Unpacked event in San...

    The Internet’s Favorite Blanket Is 45 Percent Off

    If you’ve spent more than five minutes on TikTok, you’ve probably heard someone rave about Lola Blankets. They’re...

    Some of the Year’s Best Mattress Sales Are on Presidents’ Day. Here’s What We Recommend

    Hooray for a three-day weekend and a little bit of extra time to relax! Presidents’ Day is also...

    Must read

    You might also likeRELATED
    Recommended to you